We may assume that we all tend to network in much the same way, but research from ESMT Berlin suggests that men are more likely to leverage co-location and face-to-face interactions to build high-status connections. Women, by contrast, are more effective at connecting with high-status colleagues via third-party ties.

The researchers explored the role gender plays in developing high-status networks at work. They argue that previous work had suggested that women often struggle to access high-status networks, which limits their career progression. What these studies failed to consider, however, are the factors that can help women build such high-status connections.

Forming ties

To address this, the researchers gathered data on the way people working in R&D laboratories at over 40 pharma companies networked. They were particularly interested in observing how people entered the networks of the highest-status scientists.

Two clear pathways emerged, the first of which was around geography and the second around network proximity. Geographic proximity suggests that working close by the star scientist helps to develop a relationship with them. Network proximity refers instead to the prospect of being indirectly introduced by a third party.

The analysis suggests that both geographic and network proximity are useful for both sexes, but geographic proximity was most beneficial to male scientists, with the researchers suggesting this is because competence is inferred from stereotypically masculine traits, such as self-confidence and assertiveness, which are easier to portray face-to-face.

By contrast, women were more effective at building their connections via third-party introductions, with the researchers suggesting that this is because this approach is helpful in counteracting gender stereotypes and honing in more on the distinctive strengths of each woman.

“There has long been the notion of the ‘old boys’ club’ in many organizations and contexts. It is a fact that networks at the highest level are predominantly male, and for women it is very difficult to break into these networks,” the researchers say. “Yet building networks is a more nuanced process than most people think, and our research shows that women and men are most successful when using different approaches.”

The researchers hope that their work highlights the different challenges and opportunities men and women face in the workplace when it comes to establishing a network. By providing a more inclusive environment that allows all employees access to high-status networks, the researchers hope that organizations can empower both men and women to establish the networks they need to thrive.