Volunteering, once a key part of American life, has been on the decline. A new study from the University of Georgia suggests the economy is a major factor.

The research shows that people in poorer or more unequal areas are less likely to volunteer. Traditionally, rural communities have higher volunteer rates than cities, largely because small-town residents have stronger social ties. When you volunteer in these areas, you’re often helping someone you know, which makes people more willing to pitch in.

But the 2008 recession hit volunteering hard, and the rates haven’t recovered. The researchers explain that in tough economic times, people shift their focus from unpaid volunteer work to jobs that offer stability. “When people feel financially insecure, they prioritize activities that help them get by,” the authors say.

Declining rates

The study, based on data from nearly 90,000 people each year, found that the recession affected volunteering most in places that were doing well before the crash. “Some communities took a hard hit and still haven’t bounced back,” the researchers note.

Demographic changes are also playing a role. As more young people move to cities, the older generations left behind may feel less connected to their communities, leading to further drops in volunteer rates.

Interestingly, even in places with strong economies, the negative effects of the recession on volunteering have persisted, suggesting lasting social or psychological impacts. The researchers emphasize that economic health and community involvement are linked. “To strengthen rural communities, we need to focus on both economic and civic growth,” they conclude. Economic development alone isn’t enough; policymakers should also encourage civic engagement if they want to build stronger, more resilient communities.