A new study led by Bangor University, funded by the Nuffield Foundation and the British Academy, examined how social networks and community ties affect the resolution of social welfare problems. The research found that the size and interconnectedness of social networks have limited impact on resolving issues like debt, housing, or healthcare. Instead, the complexity of the problem is the biggest factor. For example, benefits and financial issues tend to be more easily resolved than housing or mental health concerns.

“Debt, benefits, special educational needs, healthcare issues, these are everyday problems that many of us face, and it’s only natural to turn to people you know and trust for help and advice,” the researchers say. “However, we found that having to talk to more people or support services was an indicator that the problem was more complex and difficult to resolve.”

Interconnected networks

Researchers conducted interviews in four locations across England and Wales, finding that rural areas had larger, more interconnected networks compared to urban areas. Ethnicity also played a role, with South Asian communities having smaller but tighter networks. However, despite the differences in social networks, the nature of the issue itself was the biggest determinant of whether it could be resolved, not the size of one’s social connections.

The study also emphasized the need for local, face-to-face support, as digital services often fall short of meeting people’s needs. It highlighted the role of community centers, which are vital for providing day-to-day support but are underfunded and cannot replace formal legal advice services.

The research underscores that stronger social networks can’t fully compensate for a lack of investment in public services, especially in areas like social care and mental health, where budget cuts have strained resources. Other barriers to help include lack of education, awareness of services, stigma, and mistrust in state institutions. The study advocates for better funding for formal advice services to ensure access to justice for all.

“Across all the communities we studied, the local hubs or centers were really valued by people, providing day-to-day support such as food banks,” the authors conclude. “However, some problems that people face need specialist legal advice, and these community centers rely on being able to signpost people on to more formal services. Without proper funding for the formal advice sector, problems continue. Communities may be able to access help, but there won’t be access to justice.”