A review led by the University of Oxford reveals that nature-based solutions (NbS) can unlock prosperity by driving local economic growth, raising farm productivity, and creating jobs.

The study shows that NbS projects—like planting trees to stabilize land or restoring coastlines—create “win-win” scenarios by generating income, supporting biodiversity, and helping communities adapt to climate change. This positions NbS as a valuable tool for countries transitioning to low-carbon, circular economies.

Showing the way

The report features success stories such as South Africa’s “Working for Water” program, which removed invasive species across a million hectares while creating over 20,000 jobs, and a coastal restoration project in the U.S. that generated 17 jobs per $1 million invested.

NbS projects can be quickly and flexibly deployed in areas most in need, especially rural communities often overlooked by other types of investment, the researchers say. But the report also highlights obstacles: fragmented decision-making in government, the myth that eco-friendly policies hurt business, and a lack of reporting on NbS’s broader benefits.

“Too often, investments in nature are focused only on immediate results,” the authors explain. “For example, while the impact of reforesting a region on biodiversity may be tracked, the wider benefits—like job creation or climate resilience—may go unmeasured. Accounting for these broader impacts would lead to better policy decisions.”

When well-planned, NbS projects offer a potent response to economic challenges, creating jobs and boosting productivity while enhancing resilience. But the report urges a careful approach to ensure no communities are left behind and to avoid unexpected negative effects. Following best practices, such as involving communities in project design and incorporating local and traditional knowledge, is key to ensuring benefits reach everyone and maximize the positive impact on both people and nature.