New research from the University of Kent suggests that people are more likely to believe and spread conspiracy theories when their psychological needs—such as feeling informed, secure, and valued—go unmet.

Psychologists found that conspiracy theories often serve as a way for individuals to cope with uncertainty, insecurity, or a damaged social image. When people feel powerless or disconnected, they may turn to conspiratorial beliefs as a means of making sense of the world and regaining a sense of control. The study highlights a strong link between conspiracy beliefs and existential threats, showing that fears about instability in society and politics can lead to feelings of alienation, which, in turn, make conspiracy theories more appealing.

Broad approach

These findings suggest that reducing conspiracy beliefs requires more than just debunking misinformation. Instead, political leaders and policymakers should focus on clear and transparent communication while fostering a sense of inclusion and belonging. When people feel engaged and valued within their communities, they may be less likely to seek alternative explanations that fuel distrust and division.

The researchers propose that interventions to combat conspiracy beliefs should address these unmet psychological needs on a broader societal level, particularly in how people process global uncertainties and threats.

“Conspiracy theories can harm individuals, groups, and societies,” the authors conclude. “People may be less drawn to them if they have alternative ways to fulfill their psychological needs—or if those needs are met in the first place.”