The mass movement of people has become not only one of the prevailing factors of our globalized world, but also one of its most contentious aspects.  In an attempt to better manage such flows of people, a growing number of governments are turning to artificial intelligence.

It’s a move that new research from Exeter University suggests should be approached with caution.  The study argues that over-reliance on AI could lead to significant breaches of human rights, as unlawful practices become reinforced and discrimination facilitated.

Doubled edged sword

While AI has the potential to transform the way migration is managed, whether in performing identity checks, supporting border security, predicting migratory movements or analyzing data on visa applications, there is considerable potential to both make processes faster and easier for migrants.

As with most applications of AI, however, it could also have nefarious ends, with the authors warning that it could be used to prevent arrivals, such as supporting maritime interventions that seek to return migrants to places they have fled from.

The technology has already been deployed in Canada to help with decision making around immigration and asylum, whilst in Germany there have also been pilots in AI-based facial recognition.  Across the EU more broadly, the Schengen Information System (SIS) will utilize facial recognition alongside DNA and biometric data to support the return of migrants.

Digital divide

The authors are concerned about the potential for AI to amplify any digital divide that exists between states that have such capabilities, and those that do not.  This could lead states with less advanced technologies further isolated, thus creating a global north/south divide.

“AI is at risk of becoming another political tool, used to reinforce old state practices, aiming to curb international migration and prevent asylum-seekers from reaching their territories,” the researchers say.  “AI technology may bring innovation, reduce costs, and build more effective systems for international migration management. However, it is important that such tools are developed and deployed within ethical and legal frameworks, in particular international human rights law.”

As with so many of the deployments of AI, the researchers urge those organizations and nations using it to ensure they do so in an ethical way that doesn’t diminish the rights of migrants and asylum seekers.  Whether that happens, is, of course, something that only time will reveal.