New fathers facing economic challenges maintained strong connections with their children despite negative stereotypes, according to a University of Michigan study.

The men found support from family and community programs, but societal barriers often rendered them invisible, forcing them to fight for recognition not just as fathers, but as individuals.

Greater involvement

Today, fathers are much more involved in their children’s lives than they were decades ago, which benefits both child development and maternal health, according to the research. However, some men struggle with navigating emotions like depression and joy while adjusting to fatherhood.

The study examined the feelings and experiences of 24 racially diverse, low-income fathers in the U.S. during their partners’ pregnancies, after childbirth, and in early childhood.

The findings showed that the fathers experienced a wide range of emotions—positive feelings like happiness and joy, as well as negative ones like sadness and disappointment—throughout the perinatal and early childhood stages. They felt supported by their social networks, such as family members, fatherhood program staff, and other fathers, but they also felt marginalized by systemic barriers like negative stereotypes and the high incarceration rates of Black fathers.

Better role models

“Positive experiences and emotions of fatherhood need to be more visible in the media and other parts of American society, such as government, academia, and health services,” the researchers noted.

Interestingly, the fathers’ negative emotions often led to positive behavioral intentions. Many resolved to stay actively involved in their children’s lives and make changes to ensure they were good role models. The fathers also used creative strategies to cope with and regulate their emotions.

The study also emphasized the role health care professionals could play in supporting fathers. Providers are in an ideal position to adopt father-inclusive practices, such as inviting expectant dads to share their feelings and wishes about childbirth.